At the heart of gang culture is a hole where the family once sat. The hierarchies within gang culture and the matrix of ties of obligation sub-consciously mimic families. In parts of London a majority of young men in gangs will not be brought up by their biological fathers, any father in fact. They are not set boundaries by a male role model. The rejection of any rules of behaviour laid down by a mother are quickly overthrown.
[T]he welfare state has done to black Americans what slavery could not have done, the harshest Jim Crow laws and racism could not have done, namely break up the black family. That is, today, just slightly over 30 percent of black kids live in two parent families. Historically, from 1870s on up to about 1940s, and depending on the city, 75 to 90 percent of black kids lived in two parent families. Illegitimacy rate is 70 percent among blacks where that is unprecedented in our history. Now, its not just a matter of a racial thing. Sweden is the mother of the welfare state and illegitimacy in Sweden is 54 percent.
[I]f you subsidize anything, youre going to get surpluses of it, and if you tax something youre going to get less of it. If you did not get welfare, then people would decide, Im going to go out and get a job, Im going to live more responsibly (...) The government has said to many young women, I am the father. And so the father, black males, have become dispensable (...) [A]nd thats a heck of a start in life, that is, to be born you dont know who or where your father is, thats not really great start in life.